A survey commissioned by the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) - an institution under the Ministry of Human Resource Development - to study the status of education in eastern Uttar Pradesh has claimed that Amethi and Rae Bareli, the constituencies of Congress leaders Rahul Gandhi and Sonia Gandhi, are lagging behind in development. While school education is under the State government, the survey has chosen to make specific references to the fact that these constituencies have sent top political leaders to Parliament. Prepared by four academics from different universities, the report says: "While Ballia and Gorakhpur have been found to be better in terms of material facilities, Amethi, Ambedkar Nagar and Deoria were found to be relatively backward." The section on Amethi says that of the 2198 schools there, 54 are without teachers and 230 with just one teacher. In contrast, it states, Gorakhpur has 4,521 schools and Deoria 3,957. Amethi, significantly, has the lowest number of schools in the eight districts surveyed. Rae Bareli has the lowest literacy rate of 69.04 percent among seven districts, with Amethi's literacy rate not mentioned as "it is a new district." The report links this to politics, saying that residents complained that little had been done in these areas despite high profile MPs like Ms. Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi representing them. In a tacit attack on RG, it claims, "Comparing Amethi with other districts makes it clear that political will has had a role to play in the development of other districts. Persons from one family have represented Amethi 11 times at a time when their political party was the largest."